Which of the following best describes an event log?

An event log is best described as a record of events that includes timestamps and activity names. This definition captures the key elements that characterize an event log in process mining. Specifically, an event log serves as a chronological collection of data that tracks specific occurrences within a business process. Each entry in the log typically consists of a timestamp (indicating when the event occurred) and the name of the activity associated with that event. This information is crucial for analyzing and understanding the flow of processes, identifying bottlenecks, and discovering insights into operational performance.

The other options do not align with the concept of an event log. A summary of annual business performance provides an overview of broader metrics and results rather than the specific occurrences within processes. A detailed financial transaction report focuses on financial data rather than process-related activities. A list of employee working hours records attendance but lacks the event-specific detail necessary to map out process flows. Overall, option B is the only choice that accurately reflects what constitutes an event log in the context of process mining.